There is a conditional division of proteins into products and organisms into subspecies:: - Peptides (polypeptides) protein compounds of 2 to several ten residual amino acids in length, which are formed by the condensation of amino acids.
- Free (Unbound) amino acids are completely cleaved protein molecules, which are isolated substances or complex compounds.
- Proteins are substances with a higher degree of polymerization. A separate class of proteins are enzymes that are biological catalysts. These substances contribute to the multiple acceleration of biochemical reactions in the body.
Protein functions:
catalytic - helps to accelerate biochemical reactions (synthesis or cleavage of molecules, etc.).). This function is provided by special
proteins - enzymes contained in foods and produced by the body.
Energy - is responsible for the energy production during the degradation of proteins and is activated only when other energy sources (fats and carbohydrates) are consumed.
Protection - protects body at the physical level (blood clotting, maintaining the normal state of connective tissue and epidermis), chemical (neutralization of toxins) and immune defense (forms a reaction to the effects of pathogenic microorganisms or damage, neutralizes viruses and bacteria, etc.).
structural (construction) - manifests itself in the formation of cells and a change in their shape.
Regulatory - regulates the activity of a number of proteins, promoting cell structures in a cycle and other processes (e.g. stimulating the formation of fats from carbohydrates, regulating blood sugar levels, etc.).).
signal - is responsible for the transmission of intercellular and interstitial signals.
transport - provides Transport of small molecules (oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc.) within the body as well as from cells into space and vice versa.
reserve - forms a stock of certain proteins that serve as energy sources or amino acid sources.
receptor - used to receive signals (mechanical effects, chemicals, light, etc.) and transmit them to other cellular components.
Movement capability - provides the processes of movement in the body (intracellular transport, movement of cells, muscle contraction, etc.).